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Shotokan Kata · Advanced (Dan grade)

燕飛Empi — “Flying Swallow”

Empi (also written Enpi, 燕飛 — “Flying Swallow”) is one of the oldest kata in karate and the shortest of the black-belt Sentei kata, at 37 movements. It is named for its swallow-like flight: dramatic rise-and-fall level changes, rapid stance shifts, and a soaring finish. It opens by dropping to one knee, introduces the rising punch (age-zuki) and crossed stance, strikes from a one-legged crane stance, and ends with a full 360° jumping turn. Kiai falls on moves 15 and 36; the jump is at move 35. Below: the walkthrough, what it teaches, bunkai, mistakes, and grading.
Movements37
MeaningFlying Swallow
BeltDan grade
Kiai onMoves 15 & 36
JumpMove 35 (360°)

Move-by-move walkthrough

Step through all 37 movements. Use the arrows or press play. These are simplified schematics of a fast, dynamic kata — the kneeling drop, crane stance and jump are best seen on video and with your instructor; pair them with the written sequence below.

What Empi teaches

Empi is a study in level change and agility. Its swallow-like rise-and-fall — dropping low, springing up, ducking under, leaping — teaches you to attack and defend at every height and to move your whole body between them without losing balance or power. Three times it repeats a “swallow” sequence: down-block low, rising punch up, knee strike with a grab, then a dropping punch into a crossed stance. It ends by launching into a full turning jump.

Empi is very old. It descends from the Tomari-te kata Wanshu — said to be named after a Chinese envoy who taught in Okinawa around 1670 — and Gichin Funakoshi renamed it Empi (“flying swallow”) in the 1920s for its bobbing, soaring motion.

The crane and the jump. Two moments define Empi: the first kiai (move 15) is an elbow strike thrown from a one-legged crane stance (sagi-ashi-dachi), poised and still; the finale (move 35) is a 360° jumping turn that lands straight into a knife-hand block. Stillness and flight, back to back.

The full sequence, written out

A text reference for the whole kata — the kneeling opening, the three “swallow” sequences, the knife-hand run, and the palm-heel drive into the jumping finish.

#TechniqueStance / note

JKA counts 37 with kiai on 15 & 36 and the 360° jump at 35; some tutorials split combinations for a ~46-count. Techniques and landmarks (kneel, crane elbow, palm-heels, jump) are consistent across sources.

Signature techniques in this kata

Empi introduces several distinctive shapes. Each links to a full breakdown in the techniques glossary.

Age-zuki上げ突き Sagi-ashi-dachi鷺足立ち Kosa-dachi交差立ち Teishō-uchi底掌打ち Otoshi-zuki落とし突き 360° jump回転跳び

Bunkai — what the movements do分解

Empi’s level changes read as ducking, grabbing and uprooting an opponent.

The swallow sequence — moves 5–8 (and repeats)

Block a low attack, drive a rising punch up under the chin, grab the head and pull it down onto a knee, then drop your weight into a punch as they fold — a complete take-down-and-finish in four beats.

Crane-stance elbow — moves 14–15

Lifting into the crane checks a low kick or clears a leg; the elbow, thrown from that poised height, drives into a seized opponent’s head — power from stillness, the first kiai.

The turning jump — moves 34–36

The grab and jump spin you behind or over an attacker — evading a sweep and repositioning — to land already covering with a knife-hand block, the final kiai.

Honest caveat. Bunkai is interpretive; the same posture carries several valid applications. Treat these as starting points to explore with an instructor.

Common mistakes

A soft kneeling opening.

The opening drop to one knee should be sharp and low, with a strong down-block — not a tentative crouch. It sets the tone for the whole kata.

Wobbling in the crane.

Sagi-ashi-dachi must be still and balanced before the elbow fires. Rushing the strike off an unsteady leg loses the poise that makes move 15 special.

Jumping for height, not control.

The 360° jump is a turn, not a leap — spin tight, stay compact, and land softly and balanced in a strong back stance ready to block.

Flattening the level changes.

Empi lives in its rise and fall. Perform it at one height and you’ve lost the swallow — commit fully to each drop and each rise.

How Empi is graded

As a dan-grade Sentei kata, Empi is judged on genuine level changes — sharp drops and springing rises — a balanced, still crane stance before the first kiai, connected, flowing transitions between its bursts, a controlled 360° jump landing softly in a strong stance, the two kiai in place, and an accurate embusen. Requirements vary by association — confirm with your dōjō.

Watch a reference performance演武

The illustrations on this page are study schematics — they show the shape of each move, not a real body in motion. To see Empi performed at full speed by senior instructors, watch reference footage:

▶ Watch “Empi” performances on YouTube

Opens a YouTube search in a new tab. Look for JKA / Japan Karate Association or established Shotokan instructor demonstrations for the most standard version of the form.

What to learn next

Or explore Bassai Dai and Jion, or return to the kata library.

Empi — frequently asked questions