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Shotokan Kata · Beginner (7th Kyū)

平安三段Heian Sandan — “Peaceful Mind, Third Level”

Heian Sandan is the shortest of the five Heian kata — 20 movements, the required form for the green-belt (7th kyū) grading. It is compact but dense: it introduces the horse stance (kiba-dachi), the stamping kick, the elbow and back-fist strikes, and a dramatic spinning hammer-fist. Kiai falls on moves 10 and 20. Below: a move-by-move walkthrough, what it teaches, its bunkai, mistakes to avoid, and how it’s graded.
Movements20
LengthShortest Heian
BeltGreen · 7 kyū
Kiai onMoves 10 & 20
SignatureElbows in kiba-dachi

Move-by-move walkthrough

Step through all 20 movements. Each shows the technique, the stance, the direction you turn, and which side performs it. Use the arrows or press play. The figures are simplified schematics — pair them with the written sequence below and your instructor.

What Heian Sandan teaches

Heian Sandan is short but it does not feel easy. Its first half drills simultaneous blocks — one arm blocking high while the other blocks low — from a rooted, feet-together posture. Its second half drops into the horse stance and delivers a fast run of stamping kicks, elbow strikes and back-fists to both sides, capped by a spinning finish. It teaches close-quarter fighting and body-shifting (tai-sabaki).

Created by Ankō Itosu around 1905 and renamed from Pinan to Heian by Gichin Funakoshi, it keeps its number in both naming systems: Shotokan’s Heian Sandan is Shitō-ryū and Wadō-ryū’s Pinan Sandan.

The spin. Move 9 is Heian Sandan’s showpiece — a large spinning turn into horse stance with a hammer-fist. Done well it is explosive and balanced; done poorly it wobbles. It is the kata’s first lesson in turning your whole body as one weapon.

The full sequence, written out

A text reference for the whole kata. It opens with paired blocks from back stance and feet-together stance, then moves into the horse-stance striking section.

#TechniqueStance / turn

Naming varies by association (e.g. the swinging elbows in moves 12/14/16 as furi-empi or empi yoko-uchi; the move-9 spin as ~360° or 180°). The 20-count and kiai on 10 & 20 are the standard JKA form; some lineages insert a tate-shuto before move 18 for a 21-count.

New techniques in this kata

Heian Sandan is your introduction to horse-stance fighting. Each links to a full breakdown in the techniques glossary.

Kiba-dachi騎馬立ち Fumikomi踏み込み Empi-uchi猿臂打ち Uraken-uchi裏拳打ち Tettsui-uchi鉄槌打ち Morote-uke諸手受け

Bunkai — what the movements do分解

Heian Sandan is close-quarter karate. Read its short, sharp movements as in-fighting and it comes alive.

Paired high-low blocks — moves 2–3, 5–6

One arm turns aside a punch while the other simultaneously clears a low grab or knee — a compact answer to being crowded, blocking two lines at once from a stable base.

Spear-hand and spinning hammer-fist — moves 8–9

The spear-hand strikes the throat or seizes an arm; the pressing hand controls; then you spin your whole mass into a hammer-fist — dealing with an attacker who has moved to your flank.

Stamp, elbow, back-fist — moves 12–17

The stamping kick pins a foot or shin; the elbow drives into the ribs or head at grappling range; the back-fist snaps back to the face — a textbook close-range combination, drilled to both sides.

Honest caveat. Bunkai is interpretive; the same posture carries several valid applications. Treat these as starting points to explore with an instructor.

Common mistakes

A high, weak horse stance.

Kiba-dachi wants a wide base, knees pressed outward over the feet, hips down and back straight. Students stand too tall and lose the power the whole section depends on.

An unbalanced spin.

On move 9, turn around a still centre and keep your head level — don’t lean or let the arms fling you round. Spot the new direction early.

Soft simultaneous blocks.

Both arms must arrive together with equal focus. The low block shouldn’t lag behind the high one — they are one technique in two directions.

Slapping the elbow strikes.

The elbow is driven by the hip and the stamping foot landing together; without that, it’s an arm swing with no weight behind it.

How Heian Sandan is graded

At a green-belt (7th kyū) test, examiners want a strong, low horse stance held throughout the striking section, simultaneous blocks that truly arrive together, a balanced, committed spin on move 9, elbow and back-fist strikes with hip drive and kime, the two kiai in place, and an accurate embusen. Requirements vary by association — confirm the exact standard with your dōjō.

Watch a reference performance演武

The illustrations on this page are study schematics — they show the shape of each move, not a real body in motion. To see Heian Sandan performed at full speed by senior instructors, watch reference footage:

▶ Watch “Heian Sandan” performances on YouTube

Opens a YouTube search in a new tab. Look for JKA / Japan Karate Association or established Shotokan instructor demonstrations for the most standard version of the form.

What to learn next

Or revisit Heian Nidan, see the full Heian series, or return to the kata library.

Heian Sandan — frequently asked questions